Disasters and Public Health Threats

Disease Transmission from Humans, Animals, and Insects

Some bacteria, viruses, and other biological agents can be spread from person to person, or from animals or insects to people. The ease of international travel has made many of these health threats more difficult to contain. Recent health threats such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), the West Nile virus, and monkeypox have made people more aware of how easily disease can spread, not just within a community but from one community to the next.

The World Health Organization has current, reliable information about communicable diseases and health concerns throughout the world. Visit the agency's Web site at http://www.who.int/en for updates on specific health emergencies.

What to do

To reduce your chances of being infected with or spreading a contagious disease:

• Wash your hands with soap and water frequently.
• Do not share bedding, towels, utensils, or other items with someone who is sick. If you are sick, do not share these items with anyone else.
• Avoid exposure to disease-carrying animals and insects if you are in an area where these are a problem. Use insect repellents to reduce insect bites.
• Follow the advice of local health authorities if there has been a disease outbreak in your community or in an area where you are travelling. It is especially important to follow health experts’ instructions if you live or work with someone who becomes sick. For instance, you may be advised to wear a properly fitted surgical mask if you are in close contact with someone who has a serious contagious illness.
• If there is an outbreak of a contagious disease in your area, do not leave the area unless authorities tell you to. If you have already been infected, you could spread the disease. Leaving the area may also cause a delay in your diagnosis or treatment.

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Author:	Douglas Dana	Last Updated: May 26, 2006
Medical Review:	Tom Bailey, MD - Family Medicine
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