Alcohol Effects on a Fetus

References

Citations

1. Population and Public Health Branch, Health Canada (1998). Alcohol and Pregnancy. Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System Fact Sheet. Available online: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/rhs-ssg/factshts/alcprg_e.html.

2. Canadian Paediatric Society (1997; reaffirmed March 2004). Prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE) in Canada: A joint statement with 17 other co-signatories. Paediatric and Child Health, 2(2): 143–145. Available online: http://www.cps.ca/english/statements/FN/cps96-01.htm.

3. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Task Force on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effect) (2004). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Guidelines for Referral and Diagnosis. Washington, DC: United States Department of Health and Human Services.

Other Works Consulted

• Bertrand J, et al. (2005). Guidelines for identifying and referring persons with fetal alcohol syndrome. MMWR, 54(RR–11): 1–15.

• Committee on Ethics, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2004). At-risk drinking and illicit drug use: Ethical issues in obstetric and gynecologic practice. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 294. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 103(5): 1021–1031.

• National Task Force on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects (2002). Defining the national agenda for fetal alcohol syndrome and other prenatal alcohol-related effects. MMWR, 51(RR-14): 9–12.

• O'Malley KD, Nanson J (2002). Clinical implications of a link between fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 47(4): 349–354.

• Simkin DR (2005). Adolescent substance abuse. In BJ Sadock, VA Sadock, eds., Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 8th ed., vol. 2, pp. 3470–3490. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

• Sokol RJ, et al (2003). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. JAMA, 290(22): 2996–2999.

• Warren KR, Foudin L (2001). Alcohol-related birth defects—the past, present, and future. Alcohol Research and Health, 25(3): 153–158.

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Author:	Debby Golonka, MPH	Last Updated: May 15, 2007
Medical Review:	Michael J. Sexton, MD - Pediatrics Ernest L. Abel, PhD - Reproductive Toxicology Andrew Swan, MD, CCFP, FCFP - Family Medicine
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