Placenta Abruptio

References

Citations

1. Clark SL (2004). Placenta previa and abruptio placentae. In RK Creasy, R Resnik, eds., Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 5th ed., pp. 707–722. Philadelphia: Saunders.

2. Miller DA (2002). Abruptio placentae. In DR Mishell Jr et al., eds., Management of Common Problems in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4th ed., pp. 141–144. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

3. Claydon CS, Pernoll ML (2003). Third-trimester vaginal bleeding. In AH DeCherney, L Nathan, eds., Current Obstetric and Gynecologic Diagnosis and Treatment, 9th ed., pp. 354–368. New York: McGraw-Hill.

4. Cunningham FG, et al. (2001). Placenta abruption section of Obstetrical hemorrhage. In William's Obstetrics, 21st ed., pp. 621–630. New York: McGraw-Hill.

5. Ananth CV, et al. (1999). Incidence of placental abruption in relation to cigarette smoking and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 93(4): 622–628.

6. Kay HH (2003). Placenta previa and abruption. In JR Scott et al., eds., Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9th ed., pp. 365–379. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

7. Eskes TKAB (2001). Clotting disorders and placental abruption: Homocysteine—a new risk factor. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 95: 206–212.

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Author:	Kathe Gallagher, MSW Carrie Henley	Last Updated: May 15, 2006
Medical Review:	Joy Melnikow, MD, MPH - Family Medicine Tom Bailey, MD - Family Medicine William Gilbert, MD - Perinatology
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