Pre-eclampsia and High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy

References

Citations

  1. Roberts JM (2004). Pregnancy-related hypertension. In RK Creasy, R Resnik, eds., Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 5th ed., pp. 859–899. Philadelphia: Saunders.

  2. Solomon CG, Seely EW (2004). Preeclampsia—Searching for the cause. New England Journal of Medicine, 350(7): 641–642.

  3. Roberts JM, et al. (2003). Summary of the NHLBI working group on research on hypertension during pregnancy. Hypertension in Pregnancy, 22(2): 109–127.

  4. Esplin MS, et al. (2001). Paternal and maternal components of the predisposition to preeclampsia. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(12): 867–872.

  5. Cunningham FG, et al. (2005). Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. In Williams Obstetrics, 22nd ed., pp. 761–808. New York: McGraw-Hill.

  6. Roberts JM, Cooper DW (2001). Pathogenesis and genetics of pre-eclampsia. Lancet, 357(9249): 53–56.

  7. Stone JH (1998). HELLP syndrome: Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. JAMA, 280(6): 559–562.

  8. Duley L (2005). Pre-eclampsia and hypertension, search date November 2004. Online version of Clinical Evidence (14): 1776–1790.

  9. National High Blood Pressure Education Working Group (2000). Report on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy (NIH Publication No. 00–3029). Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health.

  10. Cunningham FG, et al. (2005). Maternal physiology. In Williams Obstetrics, 22nd ed., pp. 122–150. New York: McGraw-Hill.

  11. Witlin AG, Sibai BM (1998). Magnesium sulfate therapy in preeclampsia and eclampsia. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 92(5): 883–889.

  12. Perloff D (1998). Hypertension and pregnancy-related hypertension. Cardiology Clinics, 16(1): 79–101.

  13. O'Brien TE, et al. (2003). Maternal body mass index and the risk of preeclampsia: A systematic overview. Epidemiology, 14(3): 368–374.

  14. Skjaerven R, et al. (2002). The interval between pregnancies and the risk of preeclampsia. New England Journal of Medicine, 346(1): 33–38.

  15. Wiggins DA, Main E (2005). Outcomes of pregnancies achieved by donor egg in vitro fertilization—A comparison with standard in vitro fertilization pregnancies. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 192(6): 2002–2008.

  16. Ananth CV, et al. (1999). Incidence of placental abruption in relation to cigarette smoking and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 93(4): 622–628.

  17. Cooper WO, et al. (2006). Major congenital malformations after first-trimester exposure to ACE inhibitors. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(23): 2443–2451.

  18. Health Canada (2006). Health Canada reminds women not to use ACE inhibitors during pregnancy. Available online: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/2006/2006_52_e.html.

  19. American Academy of Pediatrics (2001). The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics, 108(3): 776–789.

  20. Sibai BM (2004). Magnesium sulfate prophylaxis in preeclampsia: Lessons learned from recent trials. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 190(6): 1520–1526.

  21. Villar J, et al. (2006). World Health Organization randomized trial of calcium supplementation among low calcium intake pregnant women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 194(3): 639–649.

  22. Health Canada, Health Products and Food Branch (2004). Nutrition for a healthy pregnancy. Available online: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hpfb-dgpsa/onpp-bppn/national_guidelines_06_e.html.

  23. Duley L, et al. (2006). Antiplatelet agents for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1). Oxford: Update Software.

  24. Coomarasamy A, et al. (2003). Aspirin for prevention of preeclampsia in women with historical risk factors: A systematic review. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 101(6): 1319–1332.

  25. Poston L, et al. (2006). Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): Randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 367(9517): 1145–1154.

  26. Rumbold AR, et al. (2006). Vitamins C and E and the risks of preeclampsia and perinatal complications. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(17): 1796–1806.

  27. Sibai BM (2003). Diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 102(1): 191–192.

  28. Kovacevich GJ, et al. (2000). The prevalence of thromboembolic events among women with extended bed rest prescribed as part of the treatment for premature labor or preterm rupture of membranes. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 182(5): 1089–92.

  29. Rey E, et al. (1997). Report of the Canadian Hypertension Society Consensus Conference—3. Pharmacologic treatment of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 157(9): 1245–1254.

  30. Sawdy RJ, Bennett PR (1999). Recent advances in the therapeutic management of preterm labour. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 11(2): 131–139.

  31. Duley L, Henderson-Smart DJ (2006). Drugs for treatment of very high blood pressure during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1). Oxford: Update Software.

Other Works Consulted

  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2002). Diagnosis and management of preeclampsia and eclampsia. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 33. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 99(1): 159–167.

  • Davies GA, et al. (2000). Antenatal fetal assessment. Journal of Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, 90: 456–462.

  • Duley L, et al. (2001). Antiplatelet drugs for prevention of pre-eclampsia and its consequences: Systemic review. BMJ, 322(7282): 329–333.


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Author: Shannon Erstad, MBA/MPH
Carrie Henley
Last Updated: March 15, 2007
Medical Review: Joy Melnikow, MD, MPH - Family Medicine
Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine
Gregory A L Davies, MD, FRCSC, FACOG - Maternal-Fetal Medicine
William Gilbert, MD - Perinatology

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