Gallstones

References

Citations

  1. Browning JD, Sreenarasimhaiah J (2006). Gallstone disease. In M Feldman et al., eds., Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, 8th ed., vol. 1, pp. 1387–1418. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.

  2. Huang CS, Lichtenstein DR (2006). Biliary tract stones. In MM Wolfe et al., eds., Therapy of Digestive Disorders, 2nd ed., pp. 395–408. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.

  3. Syngal S, et al. (1999). Long-term weight patterns and risk for cholecystectomy in women. Annals of Internal Medicine, 130(6): 471–477.

  4. Afdhal NH (2004). Diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts. In L Goldman, D Ausiello, eds., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 22nd ed., vol. 1, pp. 949–956. Philadelphia: Saunders.

  5. Leitzmann MF, et al. (1999). Recreational physical activity and the risk of cholecystectomy. New England Journal of Medicine, 341(11): 777–783.

  6. Leitzmann MF, et al. (1998). The relation of physical activity to risk for symptomatic gallstone disease in men. Annals of Internal Medicine, 128(6): 417–425.

  7. Zacks SL, et al. (2002). A population-based cohort study comparing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 97(2): 334–340.

  8. Glasgow RE, Mulvihill SJ (2006). Treatment of gallstone disease. In M Feldman et al., eds., Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, 8th ed., vol. 1, pp. 1419–1442. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.


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Author: Monica RhodesLast Updated: September 21, 2007
Medical Review: Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine
Jerome B. Simon, MD, FRCPC, FACP - Gastroenterology

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