New and Updated Topics
Updated Health and Disease Topics
A primary care physician and/or a specialist in the field reviewed the following topics. All information has been verified for medical accuracy, and new medical information has been added if available.
The following updated topics have been reviewed by a licensed medical professional specializing in the topic area and have been localized for Canada:
- Aortic Valve Stenosis: We have added stress echocardiogram and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test to the Examinations and Tests section. In the Ongoing Concerns section, we have added that symptoms of anemia can be similar to symptoms of aortic valve stenosis. We have added lifestyle recommendations for a healthy heart to the Living With Aortic Valve Stenosis section. We have updated the information about the risk of death for people who do not have valve replacement surgery. We have added that balloon valvuloplasty may be a surgical option for pregnant women. We have added a new slide show that describes the surgery for an aortic valve replacement. We have updated illustrations of an aortic valve with stenosis and a bicuspid heart valve.
- Blood and Body Fluid Precautions: This topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Blood Transfusion: In this updated topic we have clarified when a blood transfusion is needed. We elaborate on blood types in relation to blood transfusion. We clarify that receiving your own blood back as a transfusion (autologous donation) is safer because there is no chance of a reaction.
- Breast Lumps: This targeted topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Breast Pain: This targeted topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Breast Problems: Breast-feeding has been added as a "red" triage question in the breast infection question in the Check Your Symptoms section. The severe breast pain question has moved from a "red" urgency to "yellow" urgency after medical review.
- Calluses and Corns: This topic has been medically reviewed and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Cancer: Home Treatment for Constipation: This topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Cancer: Home Treatment for Diarrhea: This topic now includes more information about increasing fluid intake. The topic also recommends avoiding gum that contains sorbitol.
- Cancer: Home Treatment for Sleep Problems: Dexamethasone has been removed from the topic (prednisone is still noted as an example of a steroid).
- Cancer Pain: This topic emphasizes the difference between real addiction (psychological dependence with craving) and physical dependence on a drug. The details about the drugs are now in the Medications section and in the separate sections on types of drugs. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has been added. Zoledronic acid has been added to the discussion of bisphosphonates. Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) have been added to the section on antidepressants. In the section on fentanyl, the intravenous form of the drug has been added for breakthrough pain or before medical procedures. In the narcotics section, several drug examples have been taken out because the drug lists were long and confusing. Home treatment for diarrhea is now more specific about increasing fluid intake, and suggests avoiding gum that contains sorbitol. Home treatment for fatigue suggests avoiding exercise for 3 hours before going to bed. Home treatment for nausea and vomiting notes that vomit causes tooth decay and suggests rinsing the mouth and brushing the teeth after vomiting whenever possible and recommends calling the doctor if vomiting lasts longer than 2 days. The section on Radiation therapy for cancer now includes sections on side effects that may be caused by radiation to the chest or to the head and neck.
- Central Venous Catheters: We have clarified that a catheter may be inserted in the neck if the catheter will be used only during a hospital stay. We have deleted the statement about using the catheter to measure blood pressure in the superior vena cava because that measurement is taken during acute hospital care, while this topic is focused on long-term catheter use.
- Chronic Kidney Disease: We now emphasize that chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We also list cardiovascular disease as a long-term complication of hemodialysis. Vitamin D and calcium supplements to the diet are recommended for bone health. We have updated our list of medicines that patients with chronic kidney disease need to avoid.
- Colour Blindness: We have added that colour blindness may be caused by optic nerve problems or may be a side effect of some medicines.
- Congenital Heart Defects: We have emphasized that although all people with congenital heart defects are at a higher risk of heart infections (endocarditis), they may need preventive antibiotics for only some dental or surgical procedures. We have emphasized taking care of teeth to prevent endocarditis. We have revised recommendations for staying healthy before and during pregnancy. We have added that some people may take anticoagulants after a surgery.
- Contact Lens Care: Information on small objects becoming trapped under a lens or minor eye infections was added to the first paragraph. Most ophthalmologists recommend not sleeping with any type of contact lens in the eyes was added to the information on Extended-wear lenses. Homemade solutions are not recommended for use in cleaning lenses under the section on avoiding lens problems. Information on decorative lens was also added to the section on avoiding lens problems.
- Diet for Kidney Disease: This topic has been medically reviewed and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Early Disease Detection: This topic has been medically reviewed and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Epilepsy: This updated topic now includes information on the increased risk of suicide in adults recently diagnosed with epilepsy. The information on when to call a doctor is updated: we now suggest that you call a doctor if a seizure lasts longer than 3 minutes. We also now suggest you call a doctor if you have more than one seizure in 24 hours. In the Treatment Overview, we moved the medicines gabapentin, lamotrigine, and benzodiazepines from initial treatment to ongoing treatment. These medicines will most likely not be used first to treat epilepsy. In the information on specific medicines for epilepsy, we have added a general warning about interactions between epilepsy medicine and other medicines. To the information about each specific epilepsy medicine, we have added general information about pregnancy and epilepsy medicines. The information on imaging tests is updated. In the information for parents of children with epilepsy, we have added information on getting a medical identification bracelet for a child.
- Farsightedness (Hyperopia): In this updated topic, we clarify that surgery to replace the clear lens with an intraocular lens is used to correct severe farsightedness. We note that laser surgeries are more appropriate for mild to moderate farsightedness and that laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the preferred procedure. Information has been added about laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) surgery for hyperopia. Finally, we emphasize that farsightedness is not a disease, and a farsighted eye is otherwise normal and healthy.
- Fibromyalgia: The topic now notes that in order to diagnose fibromyalgia, doctors rule out other conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. In the Medications section, the topic notes that cyclobenzaprine is in the same drug class with tricyclic antidepressants, even though it's usually thought of as a muscle relaxant. Bupropion has been added to the Medications section under antidepressants. A risk of bone fracture has been added to the section on antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Nortriptyline and trazodone have been added to information on tricyclic antidepressants. The topic notes that about half of people with fibromyalgia say their symptoms started after an infections disease, but so far research has not shown a connection between fibromyalgia and infectious disease.
- Genetics: We have clarified that you may not be able to prevent a disease with a genetic cause but you may be able to manage the disease if you learn through testing that you are likely to develop it. We also have made clear that a carrier is a person who has only one copy of an abnormal gene so does not have the disease (which requires two copies of the abnormal gene). The topic now includes more detail about the meaning of false-positive and false-negative results. We removed a reference to Down syndrome and trisomy as "genetic diseases," because these are caused by a genetic abnormality but are usually not inherited. We now say that a genetic counsellor also counsel adults about the possibility of developing a genetic disease later in life.
- Gestational Diabetes: In this updated topic, we state that some women who have gestational diabetes may also go on to develop type 2 diabetes. In the What Happens section, we have added that some women may develop preeclampsia. In the What Increases Your Risk section, we now say that women who are not physically active before pregnancy may have an increased risk of gestational diabetes. In the Examinations and Tests section we have added information about a doctor's reasoning for prescribing insulin based on the fetal ultrasound test.
- Giardiasis: The prevention information now states that a person may prevent giardiasis while travelling by not drinking beverages with ice cubes. We have added dizziness to the list of symptoms that trigger a call to a doctor for a person with giardiasis. And we added information about the availability of portable ultraviolet lights that purify water by killing giardia parasites.
- Grapefruit Juice and Medication: This targeted topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Grief and Grieving: This topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Helping a Person During a Seizure: This updated topic now includes warnings about dislocated shoulders and other injuries that can happen if a person having a seizure is held down too hard. The information on when to call 911 has been updated: you should call 911 if the person complains of severe pain after waking up or develops a fever within 24 hours of the seizure.
- Hepatitis B: We added that some medicines and herbs can worsen liver damage in people with hepatitis B. The percentage of people with hepatitis B who develop joint pain and rashes was updated. The subheadings in the treatment overview were changed from initial and ongoing treatment to acute and chronic hepatitis B infections, and the redundant information in the overview was removed. A list of factors that make someone a candidate for hepatitis B treatment have been clarified. Information about the combination hepatitis A and B vaccine was added to the Prevention section. The percentage of people with idiopathic hepatitis B has been updated to reflect new research. Additional points of comparison between interferons and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were added. Telbivudine (Sebivo) was added to the list of NRTIs approved for hepatitis B treatment. Information about the development of resistance to NRTIs was added.
- Hepatitis C: We have clarified the different types of tests for hepatitis C. We have reorganized the Treatment Overview to clarify treatment approaches for acute hepatitis C and chronic hepatitis C. And we now have new information about interferon reducing the risk of liver cancer in hepatitis C patients.
- How to Remove a Tick: This topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Hyperthyroidism: We have clarified that if TSH levels are low, more tests may be done. And we now say that radioactive iodine can cause hypothyroidism within 1 to 10 years of treatment. Also, we now describe what a person needs to do if his or her plans for travel are within 5 to 7 days of radioactive treatment, including checking with local authorities about any special procedures, asking the doctor to write a treatment confirmation letter that provides the doctor's 24-hour telephone numbers, and waiting for permission to travel.
- Immunizations: In this updated topic, we advise that children older than 6 who have never been vaccinated should be. We also suggest that people who take drugs that can cause liver damage should receive the Hepatitis B vaccine.
- Labour, Delivery, and Postpartum Period: This topic has been reorganized and now defines four stages of labour. We have relocated "What can you expect after childbirth?" to the end of the Topic Overview. In "How can you prepare for labour and delivery?", the birth plan emphasis reflects a more co-operative partnership between a woman and her healthcare professional. We have revised the "After Delivery" section of "When to Call a Doctor" to include seizure and high blood pressure symptoms as well as updated information on the measurement of fever, contraction frequency, and vaginal bleeding. The new "Stage One: Labour" describes the early, active, and transition phases. We have added a new bullet point on unexpected developments immediately following childbirth to "Stage Two: The Baby is Born." And the new "Stage Three: The Placenta is Delivered" section has a more in-depth explanation of the placental delivery. The new "Stage Four: After Childbirth" describes what to expect in the hours after delivery.
- Molar Pregnancy: In the Topic Overview of this updated topic, we have added pelvic discomfort as a symptom of molar pregnancy. Also in this section and in the other risk information, we have added that having one or more large ovarian cysts is a risk factor for molar pregnancy. The Treatment Overview now includes Rh immune globulin for women who are Rh-negative.
- Necrotizing Fasciitis (Flesh-Eating Bacteria): We now mention that Fournier gangrene is a name for necrotizing fasciitis of the genitals. We have clarified how necrotizing fasciitis spreads in the body and have added that pain beyond what seems usual for a particular injury is a distinguishing symptom of necrotizing fasciitis. We state that broad-spectrum antibiotics are usually used to treat necrotizing fasciitis, no matter what type of bacteria is causing the infection. And we now mention that hyperbaric oxygen therapy is not routinely done for people with necrotizing fasciitis.
- Peptic Ulcer Disease: In this updated topic, the information on emotional and mental stress and its relationship to peptic ulcer disease has been changed. There is no evidence that this kind of stress causes ulcers or prevents them from healing. But in some people, emotional or mental stress may combine with other factors to make peptic ulcer disease worse. The information on watchful waiting and when to call a doctor has been updated. It is important to call your doctor if you have a peptic ulcer and you are vomiting at any time, not just after meals. If you have been diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease and treatment is not helping your symptoms, or they are getting worse, it is important to call your doctor. Watchful waiting is not appropriate in this case. The antacid sodium bicarbonate has been deleted from the topic. It is unlikely that someone would be taking this antacid. The information on antacids reducing the absorption of iron has been deleted. Antacids and acid reducers or blockers do not affect iron absorption. One example of combination treatment for peptic ulcer disease (ranitidine hydrochloride plus a bismuth compound plus either clarithromycin, metronidazole, or tetracycline hydrochloride) has been deleted. This is not one of the most commonly used combinations and is less effective than the others listed. The possible side effects of reduced calcium absorption and broken bones have been added to the information on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The possible increased risk of infection has also been added as a side effect of PPIs.
- Peripheral Arterial Disease of the Legs: We have emphasized that many people with peripheral arterial disease of the legs do not have symptoms. In the Other Treatment section, we have revised the information about bypass surgery and angioplasty to reflect advances in angioplasty that have led to improved results in popliteal and tibial arteries. We have added VascularWeb as an "Other Place to Get Help." We have replaced the surgery name tibioperoneal bypass with the more common name, femoral-tibial bypass.
- Pilonidal Disease: This updated topic contains new information about the use of antibiotic soap, alcohol swabs, and electrolysis to prevent pilonidal disease from progressing to the point where surgery is required.
- Prostatitis: This topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Psoriasis: This updated topic now contains information about a link between weight gain and psoriasis in women. We have replaced mention of a link between drinking alcohol and psoriasis with information about the stronger link between smoking and psoriasis. We deleted information about the use of over-the-counter products for psoriasis of the nails, because these products are not effective for this type of psoriasis. The Medications and Medication Choices sections now more clearly reflect current clinical practice. We have made clear the need for blood pressure and kidney function testing while taking cyclosporine for psoriasis. We now mention the potential danger of drinking grapefruit juice while taking cyclosporine. And we have clarified the forms of each retinoid medicine (topical versus oral).
- Pudendal Neuralgia: This targeted topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Pyloric Stenosis: We have updated the prevalence of this condition in the "Who is affected by pyloric stenosis" information.
- Removal of Nasal Adhesions: This updated topic now includes treatment with bacitracin/polymyxin (for example, Polysporin) after surgery while splints are in place.
- Repair of a Deviated Septum (Septoplasty): This topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Repair of Choanal Atresia: This topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Repair of Nasal Septal Perforation: This topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Repair of Oromaxillary Fistula: This topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Rh Sensitization During Pregnancy: This updated topic now includes a definition of Rh disease. Abortion and ectopic pregnancy have been added to the Overview as events that may lead to immune globulin administration to protect against Rh sensitization. In the When To Call section, we have removed nurse-midwife from the list of health professionals who treat Rh sensitization because this is generally not true in practice. Additional information about blood testing for Rh status and immune globulin administration has been added to the Examinations and Tests section. Information for Rh-negative women who have not been sensitized has been moved from the Treatment Overview to the Prevention section. Information about determining the father's Rh status has been added to the Treatment Overview.
- Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: The topic notes that symptoms generally begin between ages 10 and 16, more commonly in boys than in girls, and that knee pain is sometimes the first symptom. The treatment section notes that in addition to preventing further slipping and reducing complications, the goal of treatment is to restore the normal position of the bones. This section also briefly describes a surgery called osteotomy that is sometimes used in severe cases. The topic includes use of crutches before surgery to prevent further slippage and decrease pain, and after surgery to decrease pain and help the hip stay stable as it heals.
- Styes and Chalazia: This topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Tinea Versicolor: We have made it clear in the topic that not everyone chooses to get treated for tinea versicolor. We deleted terbinafine from the list of medicines, because it is not used to treat tinea versicolor. We have changed the genus and species names of the organism that causes tinea versicolor from Malassezia furfur to Pityrosporum orbiculare, to reflect current usage.
- Type 2 Diabetes: Living With Complications: This updated topic makes it clear that if retinopathy is not treated early it can cause a variety of symptoms including loss of vision. Information about eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly, on most, preferably all, days of the week has been included. We have clarified that more than one blood pressure medicine will be necessary in addition to lifestyle changes. We have added that seeing a nephrologist before kidney failure develops is recommended. The When to Call a Doctor section has been reorganized and made consistent across all the diabetes topics.
- Using Antibiotics Wisely: This topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Vaginal Fistula: This targeted topic has undergone a new medical review and was found to be accurate and up-to-date.
- Whooping Cough (Pertussis): In the updated Topic Overview, we have added a section about prevention. In the FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) section, we have updated the prevalence information about who is affected. In the Symptoms section, we have clarified that older children and adults don't always go through the same stages of illness that babies go through. We have added apnea as a possible symptom in the second stage of illness. In the Examinations and Tests section we now mention PCR, DFA, and ELISA tests. We also say that any teen, adult, or health professional who expects to have close contact with a baby less than 1 year old should get a Tdap shot. In the Treatment Overview, we now include the aim of treatment: to make symptoms less severe and reduce the spread of infection to others. In the Home Treatment section, we have added that it's better to have your sick child lie on his or her side or stomach rather than on the back. We also say that over-the-counter medicines have not been shown to relieve symptoms. We now include information about when a person with whooping cough can return to work, daycare, or school.
Healthwise is committed to writing topics in "plain language" that is easy to understand. The Topic Overview sections of the following topics have been revised for plain language, written at a reading level of 6th- to 8th-grade or lower. In upcoming releases, Healthwise will deliver more Topic Overviews written in this style.
Changes were made to the following Physician Data Query (PDQ®) topics from the National Cancer Institute. Minor changes were also made to many other PDQ topics.
Adrenocortical carcinoma: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
AIDS-related lymphoma: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
AIDS-related lymphoma: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Anal cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Bile duct cancer, extrahepatic: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Bladder cancer: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Bladder cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Brain cancer, cerebellar astrocytoma, childhood: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Brain cancer, cerebral astrocytoma, childhood: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Brain cancer, childhood (general information): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Brain cancer, medulloblastoma, childhood: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Brain cancer, primary central nervous system lymphoma: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Brain cancer, visual pathway glioma, childhood: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Brain stem glioma, childhood: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Brain tumors, adult: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Breast cancer and pregnancy: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Breast cancer, in men: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Breast cancer, in men: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Breast cancer: Prevention - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Breast cancer: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Breast cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Breast cancer: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Cancer Screening: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Carcinoid tumors, gastrointestinal: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Carcinoma of unknown primary: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Cervical cancer: Prevention - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Cervical cancer: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Cervical cancer: Screening - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Cervical cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Colon cancer: Prevention - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Colon cancer: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Colon cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Endometrial cancer: Prevention - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Endometrial cancer: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Endometrial cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Ependymoma, childhood: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Esophageal cancer: Prevention - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Esophageal cancer: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Esophageal cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Ewing's family of tumors: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Extragonadal germ cell tumors: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Extragonadal germ cell tumors: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Eye, intraocular melanoma: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Eye, retinoblastoma: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Eye, retinoblastoma: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Gallbladder cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Gastric cancer: Prevention - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Gastric cancer: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Gastric cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Gastric cancer: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
General Information About Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Diseases: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Germ cell tumors, childhood extracranial: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Germ cell tumors, ovarian: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Germ cell tumors, testicular: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Germ cell tumors, testicular: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Gestational trophoblastic tumors: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Hepatocellular cancer: Prevention - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Hepatocellular cancer: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Hodgkin's disease, adult: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Hodgkin's disease, adult: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Hodgkin's disease, childhood: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Hodgkin's disease, childhood: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Hypopharyngeal cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Islet cell cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Kaposi's sarcoma: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Laryngeal cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Leukemia, acute lymphoblastic, adult: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Leukemia, acute lymphoblastic, childhood: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Leukemia, acute myeloid, adult: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Leukemia, acute myeloid, childhood: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Leukemia, acute myeloid, childhood: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Leukemia, chronic lymphocytic: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Leukemia, chronic myelogenous: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Leukemia, hairy cell: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Liver cancer, adult primary: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Liver cancer, adult primary: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Liver cancer, childhood: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Liver cancer, childhood: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Lung cancer, non-small cell: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Lung cancer, non-small cell: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Lung cancer, small cell: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Lung cancer, small cell: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Lung cancer: Prevention - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Lung cancer: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's, adult: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's, childhood: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's, childhood: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Melanoma, cutaneous: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Merkel cell carcinoma: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Mesothelioma: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Mesothelioma: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Metastatic cancer, squamous neck with occult primary: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Metastatic cancer, squamous neck with occult primary: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Multiple myeloma (plasma cell neoplasm): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Mycosis fungoides and the sezary syndrome: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Myelodysplastic syndromes: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Diseases: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Nasal cavity cancer, paranasal sinus and: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Nasal cavity cancer, paranasal sinus and: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Nasopharyngeal cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Neuroblastoma: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Neuroblastoma: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Neuroblastoma: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Oral cavity cancer (lip and oral cavity cancer): Prevention - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Oral cavity cancer (lip and oral cavity cancer): Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Oral cavity cancer (lip and oral cavity cancer): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Oral cavity cancer (lip and oral cavity cancer): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Oropharyngeal cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Oropharyngeal cancer: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Osteosarcoma/Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Osteosarcoma/Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Ovarian epithelial cancer: Prevention - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Ovarian epithelial cancer: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Ovarian epithelial cancer: Screening - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Ovarian epithelial cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Ovarian epithelial cancer: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Ovarian low malignant potential tumors: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Ovarian low malignant potential tumors: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Pancreatic cancer, exocrine: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Pancreatic cancer, exocrine: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Parathyroid cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Penile cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Pheochromocytoma: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Pituitary tumors: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Prevention and cessation of cigarette smoking: control of tobacco use: Prevention - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Prostate cancer: Prevention - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Prostate cancer: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Prostate cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Prostate cancer: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Rectal cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Renal cell cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Renal pelvis, transitional cell cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Salivary gland cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Salivary gland cancer: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, childhood: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Sarcoma, soft tissue, adult: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Sarcoma, soft tissue, childhood: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Sarcoma, soft tissue, childhood: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Skin cancer, melanoma: Prevention - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Skin cancer, melanoma: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Skin cancer, non-melanoma: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Small intestine cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Testicular cancer: Screening - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Thymoma: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Thymoma: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Thyroid cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Unusual cancers of childhood: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Unusual cancers of childhood: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Urethral cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Uterine cancer, sarcoma: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Uterine cancer, sarcoma: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Vaginal cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Vulvar cancer: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
What is screening?: Screening - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Wilms' tumor: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
Wilms' tumor: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
Updates were also made to topics from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD).
This release includes a substantial update of the Alternative Medicine topics provided by Healthnotes, Inc. (Healthnotes topics are not included in all systems.)
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