Eating plan for chronic kidney disease
How to eat when you have chronic kidney disease
The following are general food guidelines for people with chronic kidney disease. Be sure to follow the diet your doctor or dietitian gave you.
Protein
Eating too much protein can stress the kidneys. But if you don't get enough, you can become weak, tired, and more likely to get infections. To get the right amount of protein:
- Know how much protein you can have each day. Limit high-protein foods to 5 to 7 ounces a day, or less, if your doctor or dietitian tells you to. A 3-ounce serving of protein is about the size of a deck of cards.
- Learn which foods contain protein. High-protein foods include meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs. Milk and milk products, beans, nuts, breads, pastas, cereals, and vegetables also contain protein.
Sodium
To limit sodium:
- Don't add salt to your food. Avoid foods that list salt, sodium, or monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the label. Buy foods that are labelled "no salt added," "sodium-free," or "low-sodium." Foods labelled "reduced-sodium" and "light sodium" may still have too much sodium.
- Avoid salted snacks such as pretzels, chips, and popcorn.
- Avoid smoked, cured, salted, and canned meat, fish, and poultry. This includes ham, bacon, hot dogs, and luncheon meats.
- Don't use a salt substitute or lite salt unless your doctor or dietitian says it is okay. Most salt substitutes and lite salts are high in potassium. Use lemon, herbs, and other spices to flavour your meals.
- Don't eat out more than 2 or 3 times a week. Most of the sodium we eat is hidden in processed foods and restaurant food, especially at fast-food and take-out places.
Fluids
If you need to limit fluids:
- Know how much fluid you can drink. Each day, fill a pitcher with that amount of water. If you drink another fluid during the day, such as coffee, pour an equal amount of water out of the pitcher. When the pitcher is empty, you're done drinking for the day.
- Remember that soups and foods that are liquid at room temperature, such as Jell-O and ice cream, count as fluids.
- Be aware that some fruits and vegetables contain a lot of water and will count in your fluid intake. Examples include grapes, oranges, apples, lettuce, and celery.
- Count the liquid in canned fruits and vegetables as part of your daily intake, or drain them well before serving.
Potassium
If you need to limit potassium:
- Choose low-potassium fruits such as apples, blueberries, pears, plums, and tangerines. You can also eat canned fruits, such as fruit cocktail, peaches, and pineapple.
- Choose low-potassium vegetables such as asparagus, bean sprouts, cabbage, cucumber, green beans, and lettuce.
Phosphorus
If you need to limit phosphorus:
- Follow your food plan to know how much milk and milk products you can include.
- Limit nuts, peanut butter, seeds, lentils, beans, organ meats, and sardines. Also limit cured meats such as sausages, bologna, and hot dogs.
- Avoid colas and soft drinks with phosphate or phosphoric acid.
- Avoid bran breads and bran cereals.
In general:
- Don't skip meals or go for many hours without eating. If you don't feel very hungry, try to eat 4 or 5 small meals instead of 1 or 2 big meals.
- If you have trouble keeping your weight up, talk to your doctor or dietitian about ways you can add calories to your diet. Healthy fats such as olive or canola oil may be good choices. Unless you have diabetes, you can use honey and sugar to add calories and increase energy.
- Don't take any vitamins or minerals, supplements, or herbal products without talking to your doctor first.
- Check with your doctor about whether it is safe for you to drink alcohol. If you do drink alcohol, have no more than 1 drink a day. Count it as part of your fluids for the day.
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| Author: | Alison Allen Jeannette Curtis | Last Updated: January 7, 2008 |
| Medical Review: | Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine D.C. Mendelssohn, MD, FRCPC - Nephrology | |
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