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We can all take important steps to prevent germs from spreading among people. It is not possible to tell if a person may be infected with HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or any number of other diseases. Following these steps will help to protect ourselves and others when we come into contact with blood or body fluids. To help prevent disease, we can handle or treat the blood and all body fluids (except sweat) of every person as potentially infectious.
Blood and Body Fluids - If you come into contact with blood and body fluids (except sweat), always treat them as potentially infectious. Clean up spills quickly using absorbent material first, such as paper towels. Then clean more thoroughly with soap and water. Finally, disinfect with household bleach.
Gloves - Use clean, disposable gloves when handling any body fluids or cleaning cuts, scrapes or wounds. Wash hands after removing gloves, and dispose of the gloves in a plastic bag. Add gloves to your first aid kit so you are prepared.
Needle Stick Injuries - Wash the area with warm soapy water. Do not squeeze the wound or soak it in bleach. Go to the nearest health unit or hospital emergency department immediately for care.
Sharp Objects - Place needles and syringes in a sealed puncture-proof metal or plastic container with a lid. Never re-cap, bend or break off used needles. Dispose of them according to local bylaws.
Personal Articles - Never share toothbrushes or razors. They can transmit small amounts of blood from one user to the next. Dispose of razors carefully. Handle bedding or clothing soiled with body fluids cautiously, and wash in hot soapy water.
Hand washing is the best way to prevent the spread of germs from one person to another. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 to 20 seconds. Waterless alcohol-based hand rinses can be used as long as hands are not heavily soiled.
For protection against germs and disease, always wash hands:
Cover your mouth with your arm, when you cough or sneeze, and then wash your hands. Do not pass your germs onto others.
Teach others, particularly children, about healthy behaviour and potential risks, and how to deal with them safely.
The steps and guidelines outlined here are important to follow to protect yourself and others from germs and disease.
Blood or body fluids splashed on your skin are very unlikely to cause infection unless you have fresh cuts or raw chapped areas. If you are exposed to blood or other body fluids, protect yourself by wearing disposable gloves. If this is not possible, continue to help the person, and then wash immediately afterwards.
Remember, it is important to wash your hands carefully after touching any body fluids, even if you have worn gloves.
A needle that someone else has used may contain a small amount of his or her blood, which could carry HIV, hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus. Used condoms can also contain infectious body fluids.
Teach children to never touch needles, syringes or condoms, and to tell an adult immediately if they have found one.
If you find a used syringe or condom, especially in a park, school or playground, it is important to dispose of them promptly and carefully.
While the risk of infection from used condoms and syringes is very low, you can limit this risk as much as possible. It is important to help children understand these necessary precautions.
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